Empowering Women for Gender-Responsive Climate Action

Climate change disproportionately affects the world’s poor who are in the greatest need to adapt to climate change prevention strategies, such as gender-responsive climate action. Indeed, climate change leaves women most vulnerable and at risk. Based on data from UN Women, poor women and children are up to 14 times more likely to be killed than men by a climate-triggered disaster, namely a hurricane, flood, or typhoon.  

Worldwide, women and girls play crucial roles in food and nutrition security through such subsistence farming as horticulture and poultry. Also, they predominate over the world’s food production—albeit owning only less than 10 percent of the land—and depend heavily on the scarcer local natural resources triggered by climate change and disasters. 

Climate-triggered disasters cause many to evacuate from their homes to a safer place. The displacement and migration cause severe impacts on developing countries and triple injustice of climate change, poverty, and gender inequality that are often overlooked.

Climate change, displacement, and migration put women and girls at greater risk of gender-based violence like rape, kidnapping, or sexual violence. For instance, in Indonesia, women in West Nusa Tenggara are vulnerable to human trafficking while many young women in the northern coast of Java are forced to be sex workers. In evacuation camps, women often face serious health risks due to limited access to basic health care, and a common case is the shortage of menstrual hygiene paraphernalia.

These gendered impacts are heavily caused by the system and socio-cultural norms as well. Globally, women are less powerful than men when it comes to resources, decision-making, technology, and training that would enhance their climate change adaptation capabilities. Women tend to have less access to information on disasters as they most likely have lower climate change literacy skills compared to men. 

In many societies, women and girls have more demanding responsibilities as caretakers, preventing them from leaving homes and placing them on very limited options of mobility.  Moreover, across 193 countries, women only hold 15% of top decision-makers as ministers of environmental sectors like natural resources, water, forests, etc. The disproportion leaves gaps in a gender-based policymaking creation that can exacerbate the inequality.

Gender-Responsive Climate Action: Empower Women as Actors, Not as Victims

In gender-responsive climate action, women must hold a pivotal role as agents of change in designing, executing, and evaluating climate change adaptation strategies. Instead of seeing women merely as a victim, we must address this issue through a critical gender mainstreaming framework that not only empowers women but also amplifies their voices as the active promoters of adaptation and mitigation.

A training program for women farmers led by CARE, for example, has increased income from agricultural production by 33% and decreased food insecurity massively. The success of this program shows that when women are placed as powerful leaders and decision-makers, climate change mitigation and adaptation will also progress towards the better. To achieve such progress, consider the following recommendations:

• Women should be a part of the local, national, and international decision-making to encourage the creation of gender-sensitive policy and allocation of resources for climate change initiatives. 
• Governments, civil organizations, and non-profit organizations should start advocating gender mainstreaming as an entry point by providing women with access to training, dialogues, workshops, and technology that will improve their climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies through the Training of Trainers (ToT) model in their local communities.
• Give business and finance training to women, including access to resources and income-generating activities (IGA), linkages with micro-credit institutions, and capacity building to improve resilience. 
• More funding and women-focused investments should be allocated by taking into account women-specific circumstances in the context of climate change to reduce economic, social, and cultural barriers that constraint women.
• Women researchers and scientists should be massively involved in the study of climate change to mainstream gender perspective into research papers, academia, and policy recommendations. This means that at the education level, gender bias and stereotypes in the field of STEM should be eradicated as well.
• Advocating gender issues within the local communities and households is critical to gaining a wide understanding of the issue and therefore generating supportive relations between men and women. 

Editor: Nazalea Kusuma and Kezia Indira @Pustakezia

Adelia Dinda Sani

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Adelia is a Contributing Author at Green Network Asia. She studied Communications & Media undergraduate program at Universitas Indonesia, as well as English Literature at SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, Poland.

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